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Главная · Принтеры и МФУ · Обнуление счетчиков принтеров и мфу BROTHER
Обнуление счетчиков принтеров и мфу BROTHER
Заправка картриджей TN-2075
С новым лазерным принтером Brother HL-2030 в комплекте идет стартовый картридж TN-2075. рассчитанный на 1500 отпечатков. После заправки картриджа, принтер продолжает сообщать:“Картридж пустой”, это происходит из-за того что у этого картриджа отсутствует“флажок” датчика нового картриджа.
Для обнуления счетчика стартового тонер картриджа принтера HL-2030 нужно:
1 - включить принтер.
2 - открыть переднюю крышку принтера.
3 - осторожно нажать отверткой датчик нового картриджа, смотрите рис 1.
Рис.1
4 – удерживая датчик нового картриджа, нажать датчик открытия крышки, смотрите рис.2.
Рис.2
5 - как только появится характерный звук работы принтера, отпустите зажатый датчик нового тонер-картриджа, датчик открытия крышки при этом должен оставаться нажатым.
6 - Подождать, пока принтер не выйдет в готовность.
7 - Отпустить датчик передней крышки и закрыть её.
Теперь можно распечатать тестовый лист 3 раза нажав на кнопку "GO". Если все сделано правильно счетчик количества замен тонера должен увеличиться (значение "toner” в разделе на тестовой странице.
Если заправлялся стандартный картридж TN-2075, флажок датчика нового картриджа нужно поставить в верхнее положение. Иногда после заправки картриджей TN-2075 могут появляться повторы изображения на отпечатанном листе. Лечится включением режима экономии тонера.
MFC Brother 7420R - обнуление счётчика фотобарабана.
При выключенном МФУ зажав кнопку «Menu/Set» включить его. Спустя 5 секунд начнут поочерёдно мигать светодиоды "факс", "сканирование", “копировании” и дисплей. Отпустить кнопку «Menu/Set». Ввести 81 (на дисплее появится сообщение RESET DRUM COUNT), нажать "старт" (появится сообщение RESET LIFE COUNT), ещё раз нажать"старт". Выйти из сервисного меню - 96 (или 98, 99)
Обнуление счетчика фотобарабана МФУ brother DCP-7010r
Открыть переднюю крышку, нажать кнопку ”опции” - выбрать "установлен новый барабан" - Yes, Set, закрыть крышку.
Счётчик барабана в Brother 1670N можно обнулить в "Сервисном режиме", войти в него редко получается с первого раза из-за сложной комбинации нажатия кнопок.
Вход в сервис:
1 - Выключить аппарат.
2 - Включить аппарат, и в момент включения нажать клавишу "Go", а затем, не отпуская "Go", нажать клавишу "+".
3 - После этого несколько раз нажать клавишу "Set", пока на дисплее не появится "Сервисный режим" (иногда войти в "Сервисный режим" получается удерживая клавишу "Set" некоторое время).
4 - В сервисном режиме найти подменю "Reset Count" (сбросить счётчик) или "Reset On Count" (сбросить все счётчики).
Сброс счетчика драма Brother HL-2030
(1) Открыть переднюю крышку принтера. Убедиться, что принтер включен и мигает светодиод драма.
(2) Нажмите и удерживайте кнопку Go около 4 секунд пока все светодиоды не засветятся.
После того как все четыре светодиода засветятся, отпустите кнопку GO. Не сбрасывайте счетчик драма, если Вы меняете только тонер-картридж.
Сброс счетчика драма на принтерах HL-20XX/50XX/51XX/52XX и МФУ MFC-74XX/78XX DCP-70XX
Вариант 1) Открыть переднюю крышку, нажать и удерживать кнопку GO пока не засветятся все светодиоды.
Вариант 2) Открыть переднюю крышку и нажать кнопку Опции "Заменили ДР?" - "Да" нажать цифру 1.
Вариант 3) Открыть переднюю крышку и нажать кнопку Опции "Заменили ДР?" - "Да" нажать стрелочку вверх.
Сброс счетчика драма на МФУ MFC-84XX/88XX
Открыть переднюю крышку и нажать кнопку Clear/Back "Заменили ДР?" - "Да" нажать цифру 1.
МФУ Brother с картриджами TN-2175/TN-2135.
Если модели с такими картриджами сообщают об отсутствии тонера или проблеме с блоком барабана, не спешите приобретать новые. Принтер рассчитывает степень износа барабана и количество оставшегося тонера согласно показаниям выше упомянутых счетчиков. Конечно, каждый блок барабана (Drum Unit) имеет свой, заявленный производителем, ресурс. Но если качество печати Вас вполне устраивает, то зачем торопиться с заменой дорогостоящих элементов. Давайте попробуем сбросить показания счетчиков.
Делается это так:
1. Нажимаем и удерживаем кнопку «Menu/Set» и включаем аппарат, в результате чего принтер загружается в сервисном режиме.
2. Вводим «81». После этого аппарат сообщает: «Reset drum count».
3. Нажимаем «Start». Аппарат сообщает: «Reset life count».
4. Еще раз нажимаем «Start».
5. Выключаем и снова включаем аппарат
Сброс счетчика тонера Brother TN-420/TN-450 на МФУ Brother DCP-7060DR и аналогичных
На картридже со стороны шестеренок на боковой пластине имеется рычаг, который нажимает на флажок. Этот рычаг нужно срезать, так что бы флажок не был нажат, как показано на фото
В заправочном комплекте с шестерней и пружиной, предлагается два варианта шестеренки - с двумя (TN450) и тремя (TN420) рычагами.
Это флажок, на который нажимает рычаг тонер картриджа.
Снимаем возвратную пружинку с флажка как ненужную деталь - таким образом флажок остается в нажатом положении.
Ставим драм и тонер картриджи в аппарат. Отстегиваем рельсу передней крышки и задвигаем её в принтер до упора.
Нажимаем на датчик закрытия крышки.
Когда начнет вращаться движок нажимаем на флажок (в зависимости от типа картриджа) один или два раза со средней скоростью. Для данной модели я нажимал два раза
Лично я просто не вставляю тонер картридж, а просто ставлю только один драм.
Затем нажимаю на флажок картриджа, потом зажимаю датчик крышки и держу, пока не начнет вращаться механика, примерно через секунду отпускаю флажок картриджа и снова нажимаю, опять отпускаю и снова нажимаю, удерживаю его в нажатом положении.
Интервал между нажатиями примерно 0,5 сек.,с первого раза все получается. Главное подобрать этот интервал
Сброс счетчиков тонера (обнуление)в принтере Brother HL-3040CN
1. Открыть переднюю крышку, которая открывает доступ к тонерным картриджам.
2. Нажать и удерживать одновременно кнопки "Secure print" и "Cancel" пока не появится на дисплее "K-TNR-STD"
3. Используя кнопки "+" и "-", выберите тонер, который Вы желаете обнулить.
4. Нажмите кнопку "OK".
5. На дисплее должно появиться "ОК". Снова нажмите кнопку "ОК", что бы обнулить счетчик тонера.
6. Закройте крышку.
Сброс счетчиков тонера (обнуление)в МФУ mfc-9465cdn
Процедура аналогична описанной. только при открытой крышке. нужно нажать кнопку "Сancel".
1. Открыть переднюю крышку, которая открывает доступ к тонерным картриджам.
2. Нажать и удерживать кнопку "Cancel" пока не появится на дисплее "K-TNR-STD"
3. Используя кнопки "Стрелка вверх" и "Стрелка вниз", выберите тонер, который Вы желаете обнулить. Например "Y. TNR-STD"
4. Нажмите кнопку "OK".
5. На дисплее должно появиться "1.Reset 2.Exit". Выберите "Reset" и снова нажмите кнопку "ОК", что бы обнулить счетчик тонера.
6. Закройте крышку.
Сброс счетчиков тонера (обнуление)в МФУ и принтерах Brother HL-6180/ 5440/ 5450/ TN-3380/ 3350/ DCP-8110/ 8155/ MFC-8510/ картридж TN3330
Сброс происходит аналогично другим моделям Brother. Нужно эмитировать работу шестерни сброса.
1. Отцепить рычаг от крышки ( слева ) и утопить его в рабочее положение .
2. Зажать подходящей отверткой или пинцетом датчик нового картриджа. 2. Зажать отверткой датчик крышки.
3. Когда начнет вращаться главный мотор принтера, через секунду отпустить датчик картриджа и снова зажать, через секунду снова зажать и отпустить.
4. Если принтер выдал ошибку картриджа. значит не сошлись временные интервалы работы шестерни сброса и процедуру придется повторить.
Сброс счётчика тонера в принтерах/МФУ Brother HL-1112R, DCP-1512 тонер-картридж TN1075
Так конструкция принтеров и мфу Brother немного изменилась и стала походить на Samsung 1610 и ему подобные, то добраться до датчика нового картриджа можно через лоток для бумаги.
1. Вставить в принтер только фотобарабан (Drum unit)
2. Зажмите пальцем руки датчик нового картриджа. добраться до него можно через лоток для бумаги.
3. Закройте крышку принтера.
4. Держите датчик нажатым до запуска двигателя принтера.
5. Когда двигатель заработает отпустите датчик, и через 1,5-2 секунды нажмите его снова и держите пока двигатель не остановится.
6. Если после этого принтер вышел в готовность, можно установить тонер картридж.
Recommender system
Recommender systems or recommendation systems (sometimes replacing "system" with a synonym such as platform or engine) are a subclass of information filtering system that seek to predict the 'rating' or 'preference' that user would give to an item. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Contents
Overview [ edit ]
Recommender systems typically produce a list of recommendations in one of two ways - through collaborative or content-based filtering. [ 5 ] Collaborative filtering approaches building a model from a user's past behavior (items previously purchased or selected and/or numerical ratings given to those items) as well as similar decisions made by other users; then use that model to predict items (or ratings for items) that the user may have an interest in. [ 6 ] Content-based filtering approaches utilize a series of discrete characteristics of an item in order to recommend additional items with similar properties. [ 7 ] These approaches are often combined (see Hybrid Recommender Systems ).
The differences between collaborative and content-based filtering can be demonstrated by comparing two popular music recommender systems - Last. fm and Pandora Radio .
Pandora uses the properties of a song or artist (a subset of the 400 attributes provided by the Music Genome Project ) in order to seed a "station" that plays music with similar properties. User feedback is used to refine the station's results, deemphasizing certain attributes when a user "dislikes" a particular song and emphasizing other attributes when a user "likes" a song. This is an example of a content-based approach.
Last. fm creates a "station" of recommended songs by observing what bands and individual tracks that the user has listened to on a regular basis and comparing those against the listening behavior of other users. Last. fm will play tracks that do not appear in the user's library, but are often played by other users with similar interests. As this approach leverages the behavior of users, it is an example of a collaborative filtering technique.
Each type of system has its own strengths and weaknesses. In the above example, Last. fm requires a large amount of information on a user in order to make accurate recommendations. This is an example of the cold start problem, and is common in collaborative filtering systems. [ 8 ] While Pandora needs very little information to get started, it is far more limited in scope (for example, it can only make recommendations that are similar to the original seed).
Recommender systems are a useful alternative to search algorithms since they help users discover items they might not have found by themselves. Interestingly enough, recommender systems are often implemented using search engines indexing non-traditional data.
Montaner provides the first overview of recommender systems, from an intelligent agents perspective. [ 9 ] Adomavicius provides a new overview of recommender systems. [ 10 ] Herlocker provides an additional overview of evaluation techniques for recommender systems, [ 11 ] and Beel et al. discuss the problems of offline evaluations. [ 12 ] They also provide a literature survey on research paper recommender systems. [ 13 ]
Recommender system is an active research area in the data mining and machine learning areas. Some conferences such as RecSys, SIGIR. KDD have it as a topic.
Approaches [ edit ]
Collaborative filtering [ edit ]
One approach to the design of recommender systems that has seen wide use is collaborative filtering. [ 14 ] Collaborative filtering methods are based on collecting and analyzing a large amount of information on users’ behaviors, activities or preferences and predicting what users will like based on their similarity to other users. A key advantage of the collaborative filtering approach is that it does not rely on machine analyzable content and therefore it is capable of accurately recommending complex items such as movies without requiring an "understanding" of the item itself. Many algorithms have been used in measuring user similarity or item similarity in recommender systems. For example, the k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) approach [ 15 ] and the Pearson Correlation .
Collaborative Filtering are based on the assumption that people who agree in past will agree in future too and that they will like the similar kinds if items they like in the past.
When building a model from a user's profile, a distinction is often made between explicit and implicit forms of data collection .
Examples of explicit data collection include the following:
Asking a user to rate an item on a sliding scale.
Asking a user to search.
Asking a user to rank a collection of items from favorite to least favorite.
Presenting two items to a user and asking him/her to choose the better one of them.
Asking a user to create a list of items that he/she likes.
Examples of implicit data collection include the following:
Observing the items that a user views in an online store.
Analyzing item/user viewing times [ 16 ]
Keeping a record of the items that a user purchases online.
Obtaining a list of items that a user has listened to or watched on his/her computer.
Analyzing the user's social network and discovering similar likes and dislikes
The recommender system compares the collected data to similar and dissimilar data collected from others and calculates a list of recommended items for the user. Several commercial and non-commercial examples are listed in the article on collaborative filtering systems .
One of the most famous examples of collaborative filtering is item-to-item collaborative filtering (people who buy x also buy y), an algorithm popularized by Amazon. com 's recommender system. [ 17 ] Other examples include:
As previously detailed, Last. fm recommends music based on a comparison of the listening habits of similar users.
Facebook. MySpace. LinkedIn. and other social networks use collaborative filtering to recommend new friends, groups, and other social connections (by examining the network of connections between a user and their friends). [ 1 ] Twitter uses many signals and in-memory computations for recommending who to follow to its users. [ 4 ]
Collaborative filtering approaches often suffer from three problems: cold start. scalability, and sparsity. [ 18 ]
Cold Start: These systems often require a large amount of existing data on a user in order to make accurate recommendations.
Scalability: In many of the environments that these systems make recommendations in, there are millions of users and products. Thus, a large amount of computation power is often necessary to calculate recommendations.
Sparsity: The number of items sold on major e-commerce sites is extremely large. The most active users will only have rated a small subset of the overall database. Thus, even the most popular items have very few ratings.
Collaborative filtering are classified as memory-based and model based collaborative filtering. A well known example of memory-based approaches is user-based algorithm [ 22 ] and that of model-based approaches is Kernel-Mapping Recommender. [ 23 ]
Content-based filtering [ edit ]
Another common approach when designing recommender systems is content-based filtering . Content-based filtering methods are based on a description of the item and a profile of the user’s preference. [ 24 ] In a content-based recommender system, keywords are used to describe the items; beside, a user profile is built to indicate the type of item this user likes. In other words, these algorithms try to recommend items that are similar to those that a user liked in the past (or is examining in the present). In particular, various candidate items are compared with items previously rated by the user and the best-matching items are recommended. This approach has its roots in information retrieval and information filtering research.
To abstract the features of the items in the system, an item presentation algorithm is applied. A widely used algorithm is the tf–idf representation (also called vector space representation).
To create user profile, the system mostly focuses on two types of information: 1. A model of the user's preference. 2. A history of the user's interaction with the recommender system.
Basically, these methods use an item profile (i. e. a set of discrete attributes and features) characterizing the item within the system. The system creates a content-based profile of users based on a weighted vector of item features. The weights denote the importance of each feature to the user and can be computed from individually rated content vectors using a variety of techniques. Simple approaches use the average values of the rated item vector while other sophisticated methods use machine learning techniques such as Bayesian Classifiers. cluster analysis. decision trees. and artificial neural networks in order to estimate the probability that the user is going to like the item.
Direct feedback from a user, usually in the form of a like or dislike button. can be used to assign higher or lower weights on the importance of certain attributes (using Rocchio Classification or other similar techniques).
A key issue with content-based filtering is whether the system is able to learn user preferences from user's actions regarding one content source and use them across other content types. When the system is limited to recommending content of the same type as the user is already using, the value from the recommendation system is significantly less than when other content types from other services can be recommended. For example, recommending news articles based on browsing of news is useful, but it's much more useful when music, videos, products, discussions etc. from different services can be recommended based on news browsing.
As previously detailed, Pandora Radio is a popular example of a content-based recommender system that plays music with similar characteristics to that of a song provided by the user as an initial seed. There are also a large number of content-based recommender systems aimed at providing movie recommendations, a few such examples include Rotten Tomatoes. Internet Movie Database. Jinni. Rovi Corporation. Jaman and See This Next .
Hybrid Recommender Systems [ edit ]
Recent research has demonstrated that a hybrid approach, combining collaborative filtering and content-based filtering could be more effective in some cases. Hybrid approaches can be implemented in several ways: by making content-based and collaborative-based predictions separately and then combining them; by adding content-based capabilities to a collaborative-based approach (and vice versa); or by unifying the approaches into one model (see [ 10 ] for a complete review of recommender systems). Several studies empirically compare the performance of the hybrid with the pure collaborative and content-based methods and demonstrate that the hybrid methods can provide more accurate recommendations than pure approaches. These methods can also be used to overcome some of the common problems in recommender systems such as cold start and the sparsity problem.
Netflix is a good example of hybrid systems. They make recommendations by comparing the watching and searching habits of similar users (i. e. collaborative filtering) as well as by offering movies that share characteristics with films that a user has rated highly (content-based filtering).
A variety of techniques have been proposed as the basis for recommender systems: collaborative, content-based, knowledge-based, and demographic techniques. Each of these techniques has known shortcomings, such as the well known cold-start problem for collaborative and content-based systems (what to do with new users with few ratings) and the knowledge engineering bottleneck [ 25 ] in knowledge-based approaches. A hybrid recommender system is one that combines multiple techniques together to achieve some synergy between them.
Collaborative. The system generates recommendations using only information about rating profiles for different users. Collaborative systems locate peer users with a rating history similar to the current user and generate recommendations using this neighborhood.
Content-based: The system generates recommendations from two sources: the features associated with products and the ratings that a user has given them. Content-based recommenders treat recommendation as a user-specific classification problem and learn a classifier for the user's likes and dislikes based on product features.
Demographic: A demographic recommender provides recommendations based on a demographic profile of the user. Recommended products can be produced for different demographic niches, by combining the ratings of users in those niches.
Knowledge-based. A knowledge-based recommender suggests products based on inferences about a user’s needs and preferences. This knowledge will sometimes contain explicit functional knowledge about how certain product features meet user needs. [ 26 ] [ 27 ]
The term hybrid recommender system is used here to describe any recommender system that combines multiple recommendation techniques together to produce its output. There is no reason why several different techniques of the same type could not be hybridized, for example, two different content-based recommenders could work together, and a number of projects have investigated this type of hybrid: NewsDude, which uses both naive Bayes and kNN classifiers in its news recommendations is just one example. [ 26 ]
Seven hybridization techniques:
Weighted: The score of different recommendation components are combined numerically.
Switching: The system chooses among recommendation components and applies the selected one.
Mixed: Recommendations from different recommenders are presented together.
Feature Combination: Features derived from different knowledge sources are combined together and given to a single recommendation algorithm.
Feature Augmentation: One recommendation technique is used to compute a feature or set of features, which is then part of the input to the next technique.
Cascade: Recommenders are given strict priority, with the lower priority ones breaking ties in the scoring of the higher ones.
Meta-level: One recommendation technique is applied and produces some sort of model, which is then the input used by the next technique. [ 26 ]
Beyond Accuracy [ edit ]
Typically, research on recommender systems is concerned about finding the most accurate recommendation algorithms. However, there is a number of factors that are also important.
Diversity - Users tend to be more satisfied with recommendations when there is a higher intra-list diversity, i. e. items from e. g. different artists. [ 28 ]
Recommender Persistence - In some situations it is more effective to re-show recommendations, [ 29 ] or let users re-rate items, [ 30 ] than showing new items. There are several reasons for this. Users may ignore items when they are shown for the first time, for instance, because they had no time to inspect the recommendations carefully.
Privacy - Recommender systems usually have to deal with privacy concerns [ 31 ] because users have to reveal sensitive information. Building user profiles using collaborative filtering can be problematic from a privacy point of view. Many European countries have a strong culture of data privacy and every attempt to introduce any level of user profiling can result in a negative customer response. A number of privacy issues arose around the dataset offered by Netflix for the Netflix Prize competition. Although the data sets were anonymized in order to preserve customer privacy, in 2007, two researchers from the University of Texas were able to identify individual users by matching the data sets with film ratings on the Internet Movie Database. [ 32 ] As a result, in December 2009, an anonymous Netflix user sued Netflix in Doe v. Netflix, alleging that Netflix had violated U. S. fair trade laws and the Video Privacy Protection Act by releasing the datasets. [ 33 ] This led in part to the cancellation of a second Netflix Prize competition in 2010. [ 34 ] Much research has been conducted on ongoing privacy issues in this space. Ramakrishnan et al. have conducted an extensive overview of the trade-offs between personalization and privacy and found that the combination of weak ties (an unexpected connection that provides serendipitous recommendations) and other data sources can be used to uncover identities of users in an anonymized dataset. [ 35 ]
User Demographics - Beel et al. found that user demographics may influence how satisfied users are with recommendations. [ 36 ] In their paper they show that elderly users tend to be more interested in recommendations than younger users.
Robustness - When users can participate in the recommender system, the issue of fraud must be addressed. [ 37 ]
Serendipity - Serendipity is a measure "how surprising the recommendations are". [ 38 ] For instance, a recommender system that recommends milk to a customer in a grocery store, might be perfectly accurate but still it is not a good recommendation because it is an obvious item for the customer to buy.
Trust - A recommender system is of little value for a user if the user does not trust the system. [ 39 ] Trust can be built by a recommender system by explaining how it generates recommendations, and why it recommends an item.
Labelling - User satisfaction with recommendations may be influenced by the labeling of the recommendations. [ 40 ] For instance, in the cited study click-through rate (CTR) for recommendations labeled as "Sponsored" were lower (CTR=5.93%) than CTR for identical recommendations labeled as "Organic" (CTR=8.86%). Interestingly, recommendations with no label performed best (CTR=9.87%) in that study.
Mobile Recommender Systems [ edit ]
One growing area of research in the area of recommender systems is mobile recommender systems. With the increasing ubiquity of internet-accessing smart phones. it is now possible to offer personalized, context-sensitive recommendations. This is a particularly difficult area of research as mobile data is more complex than recommender systems often have to deal with (it is heterogeneous, noisy, requires spatial and temporal auto-correlation, and has validation and generality problems [ 41 ] ). Additionally, mobile recommender systems suffer from a transplantation problem - recommendations may not apply in all regions (for instance, it would be unwise to recommend a recipe in an area where all of the ingredients may not be available).
One example of a mobile recommender system is one that offers potentially profitable driving routes for taxi drivers in a city. [ 41 ] This system takes as input data in the form of GPS traces of the routes that taxi drivers took while working, which include location (latitude and longitude), time stamps, and operational status (with or without passengers). It then recommends a list of pickup points along a route that will lead to optimal occupancy times and profits. This type of system is obviously location-dependent, and as it must operate on a handheld or embedded device, the computation and energy requirements must remain low.
An other example of mobile recommendation is what (Bouneffouf et al. 2012) developed for professional users. This system takes as input data the GPS traces of the user and his agenda to suggest him suitable information depending on his situation and interests. The system uses machine learning techniques and reasoning process in order to adapt dynamically the mobile recommender system to the evolution of the user’s interest. The author called his algorithm hybrid-?-greedy. [ 42 ]
Mobile recommendation systems have also been successfully built using the Web of Data as a source for structured information. A good example of such system is SMARTMUSEUM [ 43 ] The system uses semantic modelling, information retrieval and machine learning techniques in order to recommend contents matching user’s interest, even when the evidence of user's interests is initially vague and based on heterogeneous information.
Risk-Aware Recommender Systems [ edit ]
The majority of existing approaches to RS focus on recommending the most relevant documents to the users using the contextual information and do not take into account the risk of disturbing the user in specific situations. However, in many applications, such as recommending a personalized content, it is also important to incorporate the risk of upsetting the user into the recommendation process in order not to recommend documents to users in certain circumstances, for instance, during a professional meeting, early morning, late-night. Therefore, the performance of the RS depends on the degree to which it has incorporated the risk into the recommendation process.
Risk Definition . "The risk in recommender systems is the possibility to disturb or to upset the user which leads to a bad answer of the user". [ 44 ]
In response to this problems, the authors in [ 44 ] have developed a dynamic risk sensitive recommendation system called DRARS (Dynamic Risk-Aware Recommender System), which model the context-aware recommendation as a bandit problem. This system combines a content-based technique and a contextual bandit algorithm. They have shown that DRARS improves the Upper Condence Bound (UCB) policy, the currently available best algorithm, by calculating the most optimal exploration value to maintain a trade-off between exploration and exploitation based on the risk level of the current user's situation. The authors conducted experiments in an industrial context with real data and real users and has shown that taking into account the risk level of users' situations significantly increased the performance of the recommender systems.
The Netflix Prize [ edit ]
One of the key events that energized research in recommender systems was the Netflix prize. From 2006 to 2009, Netflix sponsored a competition, offering a grand prize of $1,000,000 to the team that could take an offered dataset of over 100 million movie ratings and return recommendations that were 10% more accurate than those offered by the company's existing recommender system. This competition energized the search for new and more accurate algorithms. On 21 September 2009, the grand prize of US$1,000,000 was given to the BellKor's Pragmatic Chaos team using tiebreaking rules. [ citation needed ]
The most accurate algorithm in 2007 used an ensemble method of 107 different algorithmic approaches, blended into a single prediction: [ 45 ]
Predictive accuracy is substantially improved when blending multiple predictors. Our experience is that most efforts should be concentrated in deriving substantially different approaches, rather than refining a single technique. Consequently, our solution is an ensemble of many methods.
Many benefits accrued to the web due to the Netflix project. Some teams have taken their technology and applied it to other markets, such as 4-Tell, Inc.'s Netflix project-derived solution for ecommerce websites.
A second contest was planned, but was ultimately canceled in response to an ongoing lawsuit and concerns from the Federal Trade Commission. [ 34 ]
Performance Measures [ edit ]
Evaluation is important in assessing the effectiveness of recommendation algorithms. The commonly used metrics are the Mean Squared Error and Root Mean Squared Error. The latter was used in the Netflix Prize. The information retrieval metrics such as precision and recall or DCG are useful to assess the quality of a recommendation method. Recently, the diversity, novelty and coverage are also considered as important aspects in evaluation. [ 46 ] However, many of the classic evaluation measures are highly criticized. [ 47 ] Often, results of so-called offline evaluations do not correlate with actually assessed user-satisfaction. [ citation needed ] The authors conclude "we would suggest treating results of offline evaluations [i. e. classic performance measures] with skepticism".
Multi-criteria Recommender Systems [ edit ]
Multi-Criteria Recommender Systems (MCRS) can be defined as Recommender Systems that incorporate preference information upon multiple criteria. Instead of developing recommendation techniques based on a single criterion values, the overall preference of user u for the item i, these systems try to predict a rating for unexplored items of u by exploiting preference information on multiple criteria that affect this overall preference value. Several researchers approach MCRS as a Multi-criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem, and apply MCDM methods and techniques to implement MCRS systems. [ 48 ] See this chapter for an extended introduction.
До закрытия бесплатного участия:
Над курсом работали 12 экспертов на протяжении 3-х лет
Цикл занятий по курсу «Основы программирования» подготовлен профессиональными преподавателями учебного центра «Школа Программирования», лидера России на рынке обучения программированию. Программа курса подготовлена совместно с экспертами из ведущих ИТ-компаний:
Из которой ты узнаешь, почему 98 из 100 программистов обречены на провал!
. а поддерживаем наших выпускников:
— Денис Кисилев. Стерлитамак
«От микроконтроллеров к собственной веб-студии»
До знакомства со Школой Программирования: Денис работник обычной фирмы, коих много, в области автоматизации производства на должности инженера-программиста в городе Стерлитамак.
Основное занятие: программировать промышленные контроллеры на управление различными процессами производства чего-либо. И вот в начале 2010 г. бесконечные поездки в командировки, заводы, шум, пыль и офиссная тягомотина начали его напрягать.
Как узнал про Школу Программирования
Его друг и по совместительству веб-дизайнер организовал свою веб-студию (тогда она называлась "Дизайн-студия Волкова"), но дела у него обстояли не очень хорошо. Уже несколько месяцев он пытался убедить Дениса изучать веб-программирование, т. к. именно данного специалиста ему и не хватало в тот момент.
И наконец Денис целенаправленно занялся поисками каких-нибудь курсов по PHP. Вот так и наткнулся на курс «PHP. Уровень 1 - Основы веб-разработки» Школы Программирования. С первых же дней прохождения курса он понял, что стал изучать именно то, что ему на самом деле интересно.
Далее Денис узнает о курсах «PHP. Уровень 2 – Профессиональная веб-разработка» и «JavaScript. Интерактивные веб-приложения». Денис не раздумывая записывается на них, т. к. жажда знаний была в самом разгаре.
Где-то в середине прохождения «JavaScript. Интерактивные веб-приложения» Денис понимает свою готовность начать работать в студии своего друга. В середине лета 2010 г. они совместно принимают решение о ребрендинге студии, переименовывают ее в студию "Стизи" (studio easy), определяют основные направления работы. Денис переделывает сайт на основе полученных знаний на курсах, и "лед тронулся, господа присяжные заседатели…". Начали появляться первые заказы, работа закипела!
Планы
2011 г. был годом становления студии, ребятами были поняты и осознаны многие подводные камни, более четко вырисовалось направление работы. И в начале 2012 г. Денис уволился с прежней работы, окончательно посветив себя любимому делу в собственной веб-студии.
В планах на ближайшее время арендовать офис, найти толковых людей и начать расширение штата, т. к. с заказами проблем уже нет!
Случайно выбранный контент из базы AG. ru | 28 041 игра
Внимание! Использование материалов сайта «Absolute Games» возможно только с письменного разрешения редакции. В противном случае любая перепечатка материалов сайта (даже с установленной ссылкой на оригинал) является нарушением законодательства Российской Федерации об авторских и смежных правах и может повлечь за собой судебное преследование в соответствии с законодательством Российской Федерации, предусматривающим наказание вплоть до шести лет лишения свободы.
Mermaid Creature Found On Florida Beach
Here is an interesting auction that appeared on Ebay .
"GOLDEN Mermaid Found DEAD on Lonely Florida Beach Mermaid or Sea Monster?
Item number: 300006962914
While exploring desolate areas of Fort Desoto Beach at the southern end of St. Petersburg, here in Florida, I came upon a rather startling discovery. Before me lay what at first appeared to be a very large strange fish. Shocked and amazed, I realized I had found another mermaid or sea monster.
I went back to my car to get my camera. My hands were shaking as I tried to calm down to take these photos. This Mermaid or Sea monster, you be the judge, is a few inches shy of being 5 feet long. Laying on a fresh natural bed of seaweed, this create of the sea looks out as if still alive. What killed this mystery from the depths?"
Here are photos of the Mermaid creature:
Here is how the acution ended:
Here is the full auction on pdf:
Important Highlights of the Q & A Portion: Please notice some of the interesting comments and questions left by other ebay members regarding this creature.
Q I also live in FLA and have enjoyed reading all the questions especially from
those who have no idea what a beautiful state we live in. Not ALL of our beaches
are full of tourists and are some of the most beautiful beaches in the world.
rated top by all the experts for their pristine and natural state. I was just
wondering if you would be willing to have an interview with George Noury of AM
Coast to Coast show? If so, I will try and arrange it for you as to me, it
deserves the attention and some serious talk about your find. Good luck with
your auction and it certainly has my interest.
A There are miles of beaches
here most tourists would be afraid of. Thanks for writing!
Q WOW this is great i found a much smaller version of this creature when i was 16 now im 36 at that time i was afraid to mention this to my friends let alone my parents. it was about 3 ft. this was at daytona beach shores near the jetty's. i put this dead thing back in ther water also i had bad night mares for months. i really do
not know what you have there however i have seen the same. i currently reside in
casselberry florida & have stayed clear of the ocean since. just thought you
would like to know.
A Thanks for sharing. So I'm not the only one finding
sea monsters.
NO HOLE HAS BEEN DRILLED IN THE BACK OF ITS HEAD. I was going to but my friends all yelled Don't drill a hole in its head! I also believe in Mermaids & Sea Monsters. On December 22, 1938 fishermen 18 miles off the southeastern coast of Africa hauled in a mean-looking five foot fish with thick, stumpy fins that were almost leg-like. The fish took almost three hours to die, snapping at anyone who came near it. This ugly fish turned out to be a Coelacanth, a prehistoric fish thought to have been extinct for the last 70 million years!
Q How many of these sea creatures have you found and do they look similar? Thanks
A I have found a few throughout the years. They all look differant. This one is the mama of all sea monsters.
Q I was out on a boat fishing a couple years ago and caught the same type of creature. We started talking about life in the sea and I realized I had no business
keeping this creature at all, so I let it go and was never heard of again until
now.
A Amazing! this mermaid has family. it makes sense, she must have had
parents and maybe even children of the sea?
Q Dear Seller: This is not a dead mermaid but an alien from another world. Note the fingers, there are more then 4 fingers 1 thumb. If I were you, I would get a metal detector and hunt the area for strange metals, and computer parts, they may be in the water. Have someone scuba dive, and I'm sure you will find something. Then notify Army corp about the incident. Florida is a hot spot for UFO's by the way. If you need need futher information I will get it for you.
A I also noticed the Alien like features, especially the face. There was a book written a few years back about an African tribe that interacted with Alien visitors who happened to be half fish, half humanoid.
Jeannie's Thoughts:
I’m not sure what to make of this. The photos look really good. You can see the scales on the creature and those teeth look pretty sharp. I can’t say that I’ve ever heard of mermaids around the parts of FL where I live. The only thing I can say is that it really looks amazing.
Случайно выбранный контент из базы AG. ru | 28 041 игра
Внимание! Использование материалов сайта «Absolute Games» возможно только с письменного разрешения редакции. В противном случае любая перепечатка материалов сайта (даже с установленной ссылкой на оригинал) является нарушением законодательства Российской Федерации об авторских и смежных правах и может повлечь за собой судебное преследование в соответствии с законодательством Российской Федерации, предусматривающим наказание вплоть до шести лет лишения свободы.
Даты выхода игры | Раскрыть все
Коротко об игре | + рецензия
Да-да, мы все очень устали от Call of Duty . а разработчики в очередной раз подсунули нам старую игру в новой обертке. Совершенно верно, серия уже давно ведет себя как ежегодная FIFA . А еще графический движок корнями уходит к Quake III 1999 года — ну как не вспомнить об этом?
Случайно выбранный контент из базы AG. ru | 28 013 игр
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