Instructions
Look for a ring of glass or a dark indention on the base of the jar. If the jar has this characteristic, known as a pontil scar, it shows that it may have been held with a pontil rod to protect the glassblower from the hot glass while the jar was being made. These scars indicate that the jar was probably made before 1855.
Look for indications of mold seams on the glass jar. The first glass jars were made without a mold, so if you do not find a mold seam, the glass jar may have been made before 1915. After this date, glass jars that were made with machines were given mold seams running from the bottom of the glass jar to the top of the glass jar.
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Instructions
Inspect the jar from bottom to top. Look for the Kerr name, which is embossed onto the surface. Observe the finish of the jar. If the base is smooth at the jar's lip, it was made by a machine after 1915. A rough base means the jar was made between 1900 and 1930.
Look for small scars at the bottom and look to see if the design is more modern. This means it would be post-1930, during days of more efficient machines.
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Food canning works by creating enough heat to kill all organisms and enzymes that could spoil food and sealing out any new ones from entering. The earliest home canning involved a glass jar with a tin lid and sealing wax. The parts were not re-useable because the sealing wax acted a bit like cement. Even so it was a step forward from earlier preserving methods of drying, pickling, salting and smoking and offered a way to preserve a greater variety of the summer’s harvest.
In 1858 tinsmith John L. Mason developed a way to cut threads into a metal lid. Mason paired the threaded and gasketed lid with a matching threaded glass jar that was re-useable. Home canning became a new sensation. This Mason jar design was in use for decades. You will still find them commonly in antique stores. If you see 1858 on the Mason jar, that is the patent date and not the date of the jar’s manufacture.
The Lightning jar was invented in 1882. This is the familiar jar with both glass top and container and the wire clamp to hold the top on. The jar rubber was the sealing element. This was a common model until the 1960s, and some are still in use.
In 1915 Alexander H. Kerr, whose company was founded in 1903, developed the glass jar with a gasketed flat metal lid held in place until sealed with a threaded metal ring. This model is still in almost universal use today.
The Ball brothers were container manufacturers who switched to glass jars in 1883. This is the name that dominates the home canning industry to the present day. Ball had bought out many smaller producers over the decades. The Ball Corporation no longer makes canning products. Kerr, Golden Harvest, Bernardin and Ball brands are presently all manufactured by Alltrista Corporation.
Before company consolidations reduced the variety of canning jar brands, hundreds of smaller companies made their own versions of the canning jar types mentioned above. Older jars come in all sizes, shapes, colors and prices. I recently managed to dig out a couple of Drey brand jars from several boxes of used mixed contemporary jars and purchased them for a quarter each. They often are offered for $10 to $15 each if sorted by dealers first.
Canadian brands often have a crown on them, and there are several brands of those. There are square ones and amethyst or amber ones, and red ones – for budgets much larger than mine will ever be. Even as recently as 2002-2004, Ball brand put out some lovely jelly jars in a Collector’s Series. These are no longer available and already go for very inflated prices on ebay or specialty stores that kept an inventory of them.
If you keep your eyes open and get lucky you can build an interesting collection of canning jars for modest prices. Or, if you have money to spare, you can spend as much as $2000 on rare ones that I have seen listed in the price book. The diversity you find will surprise you.
Italian Quattro Stagioni Canning Jars - Product Review
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Quattro Stagioni canning jars and lids are becoming almost as widely available as the more familiar Ball Mason and Kerr jars. Although different in jar shape, lid type and canning process, these jars and lids are easy to use and do perform well.
Italian Quattro Stagioni Jars
Quattro Stagioni canning jars come in 250 ml/8.5 oz, 500 ml/17 oz, 1 liter/34 oz and 1.5 liter/1.6 quart sizes.
The fact that the sizes are in the metric system may slightly throw off the amounts needed to fill the jars if you are using a recipe with measurements in the imperial/U. S. system. But I find this problem is negligible.
The rounded shape of the jars is attractive, arguably more interesting than the straight sides of wide-mouth Ball and Kerr jars.
One downside with the small 250 ml/8.5 oz jars is that although the 500 ml/17 oz jars can be used with the regular size of 2-piece Ball and Kerr canning lids, the small size Quattro Stagioni jars can only be used with the small size Quattro Stagioni lids.
Italian Quattro Stagioni Lids
The lids of Quattro Stagioni canning jars are single piece. Like the inner disks of 2-piece canning lids, these should not be reused for canning because the adhesive ring that enables a tight vacuum seal loses strength with reuse. However, they are fine to reuse for recipes that will not be canned such as lacto-fermented pickles.
One advantage of the Quattro lids is that they are easier to open (even once safely sealed) than 2-piece canning lids. Have you ever given someone completely unfamiliar with home canning the gift of a jar of preserves only to watch them be baffled about how to open it? Quattro's lids pop the vacuum seal with a simple twist action just like store-bought jars of preserved food.
Note that the processing method with Italian Quattro Stagioni lids is a bit different than with standard 2-piece canning lids. With the latter, you remove the jars from the hot water of the canner as soon as possible after their processing time is done. With the Quattro lids, you leave the jars to cool inside the canner as the water cools. This is a slight disadvantage if your kitchen and stovetop space is limited.
BPA-free
An enormous advantage of the Italian Quattro Stagioni lids is that they are BPA-free. Unfortunately, Ball Mason and Kerr 2-piece canning lids do include BPA-leaching plastic coatings (if you aren't familiar, BPA is a substance leached by some plastics that is a major health hazard).
Tattler Reusable Canning Lids can be used with all but the smallest size of Quattro jars.
Pricier But Worth It
Italian Quattro Stagioni canning jars and lids are pricier than their counterparts. For example, a 17-ounce Quattro jar costs about $3.00 U. S. dollars, compared to about $0.99 cents U. S. for a Ball Mason jar of comparable size.
The BPA-free factor of the lids plus the attractive shape of the jars makes Italian Quattro Stagioni jars and lids worth the extra price.
Frequently Asked Questions -- Fruit Jars
From: Dave Hinson <glassman@qnet. com>
Summary: Assorted answers to questions frequently asked about fruit jars and related items.
Last-update: October 5, 2002.
Fruit Jar FAQ c. 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 by Dave Hinson.
Version 1.01
I make no claims or guarantees that the information contained in this document is the definitive truth. The information has been obtained from various sources or based on my collecting experience and is true to the best of my knowledge.
0)Overview
1 Styles, types and embossing.
1.1 What is a Mason Jar?
1.2 What is a Lightning Jar?
1.3 What do the numbers [on the bottom/sides of jars] mean?
1.4 Are square jars unusual?
1.5 What is a Boyd cap and what kind of jar does it go on?
1.6 What type of rubber ring went with the zinc caps that have a white porcelain inner side? Is there a source for new rubber rings to fit these lids?
2 Historical information and dating.
2.1 How can I tell the age of my old fruit jar?
2.2 What are good examples of Civil War era jars?
2.3 Were crockery vessels used in home canning?
2.4 What was the Consolidated Fruit Jar Company?
3 Colors of Jars
3.1 Why do some old jars turn purple?
3.2 Are amber or olive green, jars worth more and why?
3.3 What about pink (light green, blue, yellow, and etc.) color pint jars?
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